Class 7 Science · Chapter 10
Short answer:
Chapter 10 "Life Processes in Plants" — photosynthesis (food banana), transpiration (paani evaporate hona), respiration (energy release), aur xylem-phloem transport, ye sab is chapter ke core processes hain jo Class 7 Science (NCERT Curiosity, 2026-27 rationalised syllabus) me cover hote hain.
Chapter 10 "Life Processes in Plants" Class 7 Science (NCERT Curiosity) ka wo chapter hai jo batata hai plants apni zindagi kaise chalate hain — bina hile-dule, bina khaye-piye (jaise hum samajhte hain), phir bhi survive karte hain, grow karte hain, aur healthy rehte hain. Isme photosynthesis (food banana), transpiration (paani ka evaporation), respiration, aur paani-mineral transport jaise core processes cover hote hain. Ye chapter poore Class 7 biology ki neev hai, aur agle classes me plant physiology samajhne ke liye base banata hai.
Chapter 10 Summary — 5 Minute Revision
Class 7 Science Chapter 10 "Life Processes in Plants" plants ke basic survival mechanisms ko cover karta hai — photosynthesis (CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight + chlorophyll → glucose + O₂), respiration (jo glucose ko todkar energy release karta hai), transpiration (stomata se water vapour ka loss, jo transpiration pull create karta hai), aur transport system (xylem paani/minerals upward le jaata hai, phloem food ko translocate karta hai). Root hair aur stomata ki structure-function relationship bhi important hai. Ye chapter poore plant physiology ka foundation hai aur agle sections — Life Processes in Animals, aur baaki biology chapters — ko samajhne me help karta hai.
Related topics jo students often ek saath search karte hain: class 7 science curiosity chapter 1 notes se shuru hoke, exploring substances acidic basic neutral class 7 notes hinglish, electricity circuits and their components class 7 ncert solutions, class 7 science adolescence stage of growth and change notes, class 7 science heat transfer in nature important questions, measurement of time and motion class 7 numericals, aur life processes in animals class 7 ncert pdf — sab is 12-chapter Curiosity book ka hissa hain. Jinhe light shadows and reflections class 7 ncert solutions, earth moon and sun class 7 science chapter 12 notes, ya world of metals and non metals class 7 ncert exercise solutions chahiye, unke liye bhi humare paas dedicated notes available hain. Poora class 7 science curiosity book chapter wise pdf download aur changes around us physical and chemical class 7 examples bhi cover kiya gaya hai, taaki full ncert class 7 science curiosity 2026-27 syllabus rationalised ek hi jagah mil jaaye.
Note: Purane 13-chapter book ke kuch chapter titles jaise Nutrition in Plants, Nutrition in Animals, Respiration in Organisms, Transportation in Animals and Plants ab current 2026-27 Curiosity syllabus me alag tarike se restructure ho chuke hain — is chapter (Life Processes in Plants) me unke concepts merge/updated form me cover hote hain.
In-Text Questions — Solutions
Page activity: Ek potted plant ko 2 din andhere kamre me rakha gaya, phir uski leaf ka starch test kiya gaya. Result kya hoga aur kyun?
Answer: Starch test negative aayega (iodine se leaf blue-black nahi hogi). Wajah: andhere me sunlight na hone ki wajah se photosynthesis nahi hui, isliye leaf me naya starch nahi bana. Jo purana starch tha wo plant ne respiration ke liye use kar liya hoga.
Curiosity box: Cactus jaise plants me leaves chhoti (spines) kyun hoti hain?
Answer: Desert plants me paani ki kami hoti hai. Chhoti leaves (spines) ka surface area kam hota hai, isliye transpiration se paani ka loss bhi kam hota hai. Photosynthesis ka kaam green stem le leta hai.
Try this: Ek transparent polythene bag kisi plant ki healthy branch par 1 din ke liye baandh do. Kya observe hoga?
Answer: Bag ke andar water droplets jama ho jaayenge. Ye transpiration ka proof hai — leaves se water vapour nikal ke bag ke andar condense ho jaata hai kyunki wo bahar nahi ja pa raha.
Exercise Questions — Solutions (Q1–Q6)
1. Photosynthesis ke liye zaroori raw materials ka naam likho aur unke source batao.
Answer (3 marks): Photosynthesis ke liye 4 cheezein chahiye:
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) — hawa se, stomata ke through leaves me enter karti hai
- Water (H₂O) — mitti se roots dwara absorb hoti hai, phir xylem se leaves tak jaati hai
- Sunlight — energy source, chlorophyll isse absorb karta hai
- Chlorophyll — green pigment jo chloroplast me hota hai, light energy ko chemical energy me convert karta hai
CO₂ + H₂O --(sunlight + chlorophyll)--> Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) + O₂
2. Stomata kya hain? Inke do functions likho.
Answer (2 marks): Stomata leaf ki epidermis (mostly lower surface) par paaye jaane wale chhote-chhote pores (openings) hain, jo do guard cells se ghire hote hain.
Functions:
- Gaseous exchange — CO₂ andar aati hai aur O₂ bahar jaati hai photosynthesis ke time
- Transpiration — extra paani ke molecules water vapour ke form me stomata se bahar nikalte hain
3. Transpiration ka plant ke liye kya mahatva hai? Teen points likho.
Answer (3 marks):
- Roots dwara paani aur minerals ka continuous upward movement (ascent) create karta hai — is process ko transpiration pull kehte hain
- Plant ki body ka temperature control karta hai (cooling effect, jaise humans me sweating)
- Extra paani jo plant ko nahi chahiye, usse remove karta hai aur cell turgidity maintain karta hai
4. Respiration aur photosynthesis me koi teen antar likho.
Answer (3 marks):
| Point | Photosynthesis | Respiration |
|---|---|---|
| Hota kab hai | Sirf din me (sunlight ki presence me) | Din-raat, hamesha |
| Gas exchange | CO₂ leti hai, O₂ chhodti hai | O₂ leti hai, CO₂ chhodti hai |
| Energy | Energy store karti hai (glucose banti hai) | Energy release karti hai (glucose todti hai) |
↔ Table ko side me swipe karein
5. Root hair kya hote hain aur inka function kya hai?
Answer (2 marks): Root hair root ki surface par paaye jaane wale bahut fine, single-celled projections hain jo mitti me deep tak failte hain.
Function: Ye root ka surface area badhate hain taaki paani aur ghule hue minerals mitti se zyada efficiently absorb ho saken. Inke bina plant ka absorption capacity bahut kam ho jaata.
6. Xylem aur phloem ke kaam me antar batao.
Answer (2 marks):
- Xylem: Paani aur minerals ko roots se leaves tak upward direction me le jaata hai (one-way transport)
- Phloem: Photosynthesis se bani food (glucose/sucrose) ko leaves se plant ke baaki hisso (roots, stem, fruits) tak le jaata hai — is process ko translocation kehte hain, aur ye dono directions me ho sakta hai
Important Equations — Ek Nazar Me
| Concept | Formula / Equation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Photosynthesis (balanced) | 6CO₂ + 6H₂O →(sunlight, chlorophyll)→ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ | Glucose banta hai, oxygen by-product hai |
| Aerobic respiration | C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy | Photosynthesis ka reverse — energy release karta hai |
| Transpiration pathway | Soil water → Root hair → Root → Stem (xylem) → Leaf → Stomata → Atmosphere | Transpiration pull is movement ko drive karta hai |
| Translocation pathway | Leaf (food source) → Phloem → Roots / Fruits / Stem (sink) | Bidirectional transport, food ke liye |
↔ Table ko side me swipe karein
Common Mistakes — Yahan Marks Kat te Hain
- Students confuse kar dete hain ki plants sirf din me hi 'saans' lete hain — galat, respiration din-raat dono time chalti hai, sirf photosynthesis sunlight ki presence me hoti hai.
- Photosynthesis equation likhte time CO₂ aur O₂ ko swap kar dena — yaad rakho, CO₂ andar jaati hai, O₂ bahar nikalti hai.
- Xylem aur phloem ke function ko mix kar dena — xylem sirf paani/minerals upward le jaata hai, phloem food (glucose) transport karta hai, dono directions me.
- Stomata ko sirf 'chhed' samajhna, unke guard cells ka role bhool jaana jo opening-closing control karte hain.
- Transpiration ko sirf 'waste' process samajhna — jabki ye paani ke upward movement ke liye zaroori 'transpiration pull' create karta hai.
- Diagram labelling me root hair aur root cap me confuse ho jaana — root hair absorption ke liye hai, root cap protection ke liye tip par hota hai.
Board-Style Important Questions
- Class 7 school-level unit tests me photosynthesis ka balanced equation likhna aur label karna common hai.
- Diagram-based question: leaf cross-section me stomata, guard cells, aur chloroplast identify karna.
- Assertion-Reason type questions: 'Plants raat me CO₂ release karte hain' — reasoning-based analysis.
- Case-study question: kisi plant ko andhere me rakh kar starch test ka result predict karna (activity-based application).
- Short-answer: transpiration ke 3 functions ya iski importance likhna.
- Compare/contrast type: photosynthesis vs respiration table format me likhna.
Aksar Poochhe Jaane Wale Sawaal
Class 7 Science chapter 10 'Life Processes in Plants' me kya-kya topics cover hote hain?
Is chapter me photosynthesis (kaise plants apna khud ka food banate hain), transpiration (paani ka evaporation leaves se), respiration in plants, aur paani-minerals ka absorption aur transport (xylem-phloem system) cover hota hai. Ye NCERT Curiosity book ka ek core biology chapter hai jo Class 7 ke 2026-27 rationalised syllabus me hai.
Photosynthesis ka balanced equation kya hai?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O --(sunlight + chlorophyll)--> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. Simple words me: carbon dioxide + water, sunlight aur chlorophyll ki presence me, glucose (food) aur oxygen banate hain.
Stomata din me khule rehte hain ya band?
Zyaadatar plants me stomata din me khule rehte hain kyunki tab photosynthesis ke liye CO₂ chahiye hoti hai. Raat ko, jab photosynthesis nahi hoti, stomata usually band ho jaate hain taaki excess water loss (transpiration) na ho.
Kya sabhi plants me photosynthesis same tarike se hoti hai?
Zyaadatar green plants me basic process same hai — chlorophyll, sunlight, CO₂ aur paani use hote hain. Lekin cactus jaise desert plants me adaptations hote hain (jaise raat me stomata khulna — CAM pathway) taaki paani kam waste ho, ye advanced topic hai jo higher classes me detail se padhaya jaata hai.
Life Processes in Plants aur Life Processes in Animals dono chapters kya related hain?
Haan — Curiosity book me plants aur animals dono ke liye alag chapters hain jo basic life processes (nutrition, respiration, transport) cover karte hain, lekin dono ke mechanisms alag hain kyunki plants apna food khud banate hain (autotrophs) jabki animals dusre organisms pe depend karte hain (heterotrophs).
Exam me is chapter se diagram-based questions aate hain kya?
Is chapter me leaf cross-section, stomata structure, aur xylem-phloem transport ke diagrams important hain. Labelled diagrams practice karna helpful hota hai kyunki application-based aur diagram-labelling questions common hote hain.
Class 7 Science — Saare Chapters
NCERT Kaksha ek swatantra shaikshik platform hai aur NCERT ya CBSE se aadhikarik roop se sambaddh (officially affiliated) nahi hai. Kisi galti ki jaankari dene ke liye contact kijiye.