The Best Class 12 Maths + Chemistry + Physics Handwritten Notes

Types of Relation, Reflexive Symmetric and Transitive, Equivalence Relation, One-one Function, Onto Function, Bijective Function, Composition of Functions, Invertible Function, Binary Operation.

Domain and Range, Principal Value Branches, Graphs of Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Identities, Multiple Angle Formulas, Mind Map, Common Mistakes, Case Study.

Types of Matrices, Identity Matrix, Symmetric and Skew-symmetric Matrices, Transpose, Properties of Scalar Multiplication, Properties of Invertible Matrix, Types of Matrices at a Glance.

Properties of Determinants, Singular Matrix, Area of a Triangle, System of Equations AX = B, Homogeneous System, Mind Map, Case Study.

Continuity, Differentiability, Derivatives of Composite Functions, Logarithmic Differentiation, Exponential Functions, Implicit Functions, Mean Value Theorem, Higher Order Derivatives.

Rate of Change, Increasing and Decreasing Functions, Tangent to a Curve, Absolute Maximum and Minimum, Local Maxima and Minima, Working Rule for Absolute Maximum, Word Problems.

Standard Integrals, Integration by Substitution, Integration by Partial Fractions, Integrals of Quadratic Expressions, Definite Integral, Area Function, Even and Odd Function Properties.

Standard Areas, Important for Questions, Area under Curves, Solved Examples.

Order and Degree, Classification of Differential Equations, Variable Separable, Homogeneous Differential Equations, Linear Differential Equations, Integrating Factor, Mind Map, Common Mistakes.

Zero Vector, Unit Vector, Multiplication by a Scalar, Midpoint, Direction Cosines, Projection of a Vector, Scalar Product, Angle between Two Vectors, Cross Product, Vector Diagrams.

Direction Cosines and Ratios, Perpendicular and Parallel Lines, Skew Lines, Shortest Distance, Vector Form of a Line, Equation of a Plane, Mind Map, Solved Examples.

Decision Variables, Objective Function, Structural Constraints, Formulation of a Problem, Important Terms, Feasible Region, Mind Map, Case Study.

Conditional Probability, Dependent Events, Independent Events, Partition of the Sample Space, Total Probability, Bayes' Theorem, Venn Diagrams of Events, Solved Examples.

Types of Solutions, Concentration Terms, Solubility, Henry's Law, Raoult's Law, Ideal vs Non-Ideal Solutions, Colligative Properties, Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis, Van't Hoff Factor, Units Quick Reference.

Galvanic Cell (Daniell Cell), Electrode Potential and EMF, Nernst Equation, Gibbs Energy and Cell Potential, Conductance and Conductivity, Kohlrausch's Law, Electrolysis, Faraday's Laws, Batteries, Corrosion.

Rate of Reaction, Factors Affecting Rate, Rate Law and Rate Constant, Order vs Molecularity, Integrated Rate Equations, Pseudo First-Order Reaction, Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energy, Collision Theory, Maxwell-Boltzmann Curve.

Electronic Configuration, General Trends, Oxidation States, Characteristic Properties, Coloured Ions, Potassium Dichromate, Potassium Permanganate, Lanthanoids, Lanthanoid Contraction, Actinoids.

Werner's Theory, Important Terms, Types of Ligands, IUPAC Naming, Isomerism, Valence Bond Theory, Crystal Field Theory, Magnetic Moment, Stability of Complexes, Metal Carbonyls.

Methods of Preparation, Finkelstein Reaction, Nucleophilic Substitution, SN1 Mechanism, SN2 Mechanism, Elimination, Reaction with Metals, Stereochemistry, Haloarenes Low Reactivity, Uses and Environmental Effects.

Preparation of Alcohols, Grignard Reagent, Dehydration, Lucas Test, Oxidation, Esterification, Acidity of Phenol, Ferric Chloride Test, Williamson Synthesis, Methanol and Ethanol.

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones, Rosenmund Reduction, Nucleophilic Addition, Aldol Condensation, Cannizzaro Reaction, Tollens' Test, Fehling's Test, Iodoform Test, Acidity of Carboxylic Acids, HVZ Reaction.

Classification of Amines, Preparation of Amines, Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis, Hoffmann Bromamide Degradation, Basic Nature, Carbylamine Test, Hinsberg Test, Sandmeyer Reaction, Balz-Schiemann Reaction, Azo Coupling.

Carbohydrates, Glucose and Fructose, Reducing vs Non-reducing Sugars, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Amino Acids and Zwitter Ion, Peptide Bond, Protein Structure, Enzymes, Vitamins.

Electric Charge, Coulomb's Law, Forces between Multiple Charges, Electric Field Lines, Continuous Charge Distribution, Electric Dipole, Dipole in a Uniform External Field, Electric Flux, Gauss's Law, Applications of Gauss's Law.

Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to an Electric Dipole, Equipotential Surfaces, Potential Energy of a System of Charges, Potential Energy of a Dipole in a Uniform Field, Electrostatic Shielding, Dielectrics and Polarisation, Parallel Plate Capacitor, Combination of Capacitors, Energy Stored in a Capacitor.

Electric Current, Resistivity and Conductivity, V-I Characteristics, Temperature Dependence of Resistivity, Electrical Energy and Power, Combination of Resistors, EMF and Internal Resistance, Cells in Series and in Parallel, Kirchhoff's Rules, Wheatstone Bridge.

Oersted's Experiment, Force on a Moving Charge (Lorentz Force), Motion of a Charge in a Uniform Magnetic Field, Biot-Savart Law, Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop, Ampere's Circuital Law, Straight Solenoid, Force between Two Parallel Currents, Torque on a Current Loop, Moving Coil Galvanometer.

The Bar Magnet, Field due to a Bar Magnet, Bar Magnet in a Uniform Magnetic Field, Electrostatic vs Magnetic Dipole, Gauss's Law for Magnetism, Diamagnetic Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic Substances, Ferromagnetic Domains, Effect of Temperature, Soft Iron vs Steel.

Magnetic Flux, Lenz's Law and Conservation of Energy, Motional EMF, Inductance, Mutual Inductance, Self Inductance, Self vs Mutual Induction, Mechanical Analogy of Inductance, Direction Rules Summary, Coupling.

Alternating Voltage and Current, RMS and Average Values, Reactance, Series LCR Circuit, Resonance, LC Oscillations, AC Generator, Transformer.

Displacement Current, Electromagnetic Waves, Ampere-Maxwell Law, Speed in a Medium, Energy and Momentum of EM Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum.

Reflection by Spherical Mirrors, Total Internal Reflection, Refraction at a Spherical Surface, Power of a Lens, Combination of Thin Lenses, Refraction through a Prism, Simple Microscope, Compound Microscope, Astronomical Telescope.

Wavefront, Huygens' Principle, Refraction and Reflection using Huygens' Principle, Superposition and Interference, Coherent Sources, Young's Double Slit Experiment, Fringe Width, Diffraction at a Single Slit.

Electron Emission, Photoelectric Effect, Experimental Study Results, Einstein's Photoelectric Equation, Particle Nature of Light: The Photon, Wave Nature of Matter: de Broglie.

Alpha-particle Scattering Experiment, Bohr's Model of the Hydrogen Atom, Radius of nth Orbit, Energy in nth Orbit, Line Spectra of Hydrogen.

Composition and Size of the Nucleus, Mass-Energy Relation and Mass Defect, Binding Energy, Nuclear Fission and Fusion.

Energy Bands in Solids, Intrinsic Semiconductors, Extrinsic Semiconductors (Doping), p-n Junction, Semiconductor Diode Biasing, Diode as a Rectifier.