The Best Class 12 Maharashtra Board Maths + Chemistry + Biology + Physics Handwritten Notes

Logical operators, Conjunction (AND), Disjunction (OR), Negation (NOT), Truth tables.

Types of matrices, Transpose and its properties, Symmetric and skew-symmetric, Operations on matrices, Invertible matrices, Elementary operations.

Inverse trig domain and range, Principal and general values, Properties of inverse functions, Addition formulas, Substitutions.

Octants and axes, Distance and section formula, Slope of a line, Forms of a line equation, Distance from a point to a line, Concurrency.

Direction cosines, Types of vectors, Section formula, Dot product and projection, Cross product, Scalar triple product.

Skew lines, Vector and Cartesian equations of a line, Shortest distance, Equations of a plane, Angle between planes, Coplanar lines.

Formation of an LPP, Objective function, Constraints, Feasible region, Corner point method.

Differentiability, Left and right derivatives, Algebra of derivatives, Chain rule, Standard derivatives, Parametric and logarithmic differentiation.

Rate of change, Increasing and decreasing functions, Tangent and normal, Approximation, Maxima and minima, Area and volume formulas.

Derivative and integral pairs, Substitution method, Standard forms, Partial fractions, Integration by parts, Powers of sin and cos.

Fundamental theorems of calculus, Limit of a sum, Properties of definite integrals, Wallis formula, Newton-Leibniz formula.

Area under a curve, Area between two curves.

Order and degree, Linear and non-linear, General and particular solution, Variable separable form, Homogeneous equations, Linear first order.

Random variable, Probability distribution, Cumulative distribution function, Mean and variance, Probability density function.

Factorial and permutations, Combinations, Binomial coefficient, Binomial distribution, Mean and variance, Shape of the distribution.

Crystalline and amorphous solids, Seven crystal systems, Types of unit cell, Density of unit cell, Packing efficiency, Radius ratio.

Concentration terms, Henry's law, Raoult's law, Colligative properties, Osmotic pressure, Van't Hoff factor.

Law of mass action, Kc and Kp, Van't Hoff equation, pH and pOH, Henderson's equation, Dissociation constants.

Work and internal energy, First law, Enthalpy, Hess's law, Entropy, Gibbs energy.

EMF of a cell, Nernst equation, Molar conductivity, Kohlrausch's law, Concentration cells, Faraday's laws.

Rate of reaction, Order of reaction, Integrated rate equations, Half life, Arrhenius equation, Collision theory.

p-block elements, Group 16 configurations, Group 17 configurations, Group 18 configurations, Chalcogens and halogens.

d-block series 3d to 6d, Electronic configurations, Magnetic moment, Uses of d-block metals, Lanthanoids, Actinoids.

Hybridisation types, Shapes of complexes, Colour of complexes, Naming of complexes, Stability constants.

Periodicity, Moseley's law, Covalent radius, Effective nuclear charge, Electronegativity scales, Atomic volume.

Charge to mass ratio, Photon energy, de Broglie wavelength, Rydberg equation, Quantum numbers, Bohr model.

Logarithm tables, Antilogarithm tables, Mean difference columns.

Swarts reaction, Sandmeyer reaction, Finkelstein reaction, Wurtz and Fittig reactions, Friedel-Crafts reaction, Hunsdiecker reaction.

Kolbe's reaction, Williamson synthesis, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Raschig process, Dow's process.

Rosenmund reaction, Stephen reaction, Etard reaction, Clemmensen reduction, Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction.

Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Hoffmann bromamide reaction, Carbylamine reaction, Basic strength and pKb.

Carbohydrates, Preparation of glucose, Structure of glucose, Structure of fructose, Structure of cellulose, DNA and RNA.

Types of polymers, Addition and condensation polymers, Elastomers, Fibres, Thermoplastic and thermosetting, Molecular mass of polymers.

12 principles of green chemistry, Atom economy, Use of catalysts, Nanomaterial dimensions, Nanoparticle features, Top-down and bottom-up synthesis.

Alkenes, Alkynes, Benzene, Alcohols and ethers, Amines, Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.

Parts of a flower, Structure of anther and pollen grain, Ovule and embryo sac, Types of pollination, Double fertilisation, Seed and fruit formation.

Male reproductive system, Female reproductive system, Parturition and lactation, Reproductive health, Population growth, Birth control and STDs.

Mendel's laws, Monohybrid cross, Dominance and co-dominance, Dihybrid cross, Sex determination, Pedigree analysis.

Structure of DNA and RNA, Double helix, Packaging of DNA, Griffith's experiment, Genetic material.

Theories of origin of life, Miller's experiment, Evidences of evolution, Natural selection, Adaptive radiation, Human evolution.

Importance of water, Properties of water, Diffusion, Osmosis, Water potential, Cohesion and adhesion.

Growth and meristems, Phases of growth, Measuring growth.

Transport of gases, Oxygen dissociation curve, Respiratory disorders, Blood and body fluids, Blood groups, Heart and cardiac cycle.

Neural system, Structure of a neuron, Nerve impulse, Synapse, Human brain.

Animal husbandry, Cattle breeds, Poultry, Bee-keeping, Fish farming, Plant breeding.

Principles of biotechnology, Restriction enzymes, Cloning vectors, PCR, Bioreactors, Applications in medicine.

Organism and population, Population attributes, Age pyramids, Population growth, Exponential and logistic growth.

Levels of biodiversity, Patterns of biodiversity, Species-area relationship, Loss of biodiversity, Conservation, Pollution and greenhouse effect.

Centre of mass, Torque and angular momentum, Moment of inertia, Parallel and perpendicular axis theorems, Rolling on an inclined plane.

Pressure and gravity, Viscosity and Reynolds number, Terminal velocity, Bernoulli's theorem, Surface tension, Capillary rise.

Boyle's and Charles' laws, Ideal gas equation, Dalton's law, rms speed, Equipartition of energy, Mean free path.

First law, Mayer's formula, Isothermal and adiabatic processes, Cyclic process, Heat engine, Carnot cycle.

S.H.M. equations, Energy in S.H.M., Spring and pendulum, Damped oscillations, Forced oscillations and resonance.

Wave speed, Wave equation, Speed of sound in solids and gases, Stationary waves, Beats, Doppler effect.

Huygens' principle, Interference, Fringe width, Single slit diffraction, Resolving power, Malus' law.

Coulomb's law, Electric field, Gauss's law, Electric dipole, Electric potential, Capacitors and dielectrics.

Ohm's law, Resistivity, Drift velocity, Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone and meter bridge, Potentiometer.

Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, Solenoid, Lorentz force, Cyclotron, Force between parallel currents.

Bar magnet as a solenoid, Earth's magnetic field, Magnetisation, Permeability and susceptibility, Curie's law.

Magnetic flux, Induced EMF, Motional EMF, Self and mutual inductance, Energy stored in a coil.

Mean and rms values, Reactance and impedance, LCR resonance, Power factor, Transformer, LC oscillations.

Photoelectric equation, Threshold frequency, Photon momentum, de Broglie wavelength, Bragg equation, Heisenberg principle.

Bohr's model, Spectral series, Nuclear size, Binding energy, Radioactive decay, Half life.

Zener diode, Transistor characteristics, Current gain, n-type and p-type, Logic gates, Truth tables.