The Best NEET Chemistry + Biology + Physics Handwritten Notes

Matter and Its Nature, Dalton’s Atomic Theory, Laws of Chemical Combination, Atomic and Molecular Masses, Mole Concept and Molar Mass, Percentage Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formula, Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry, Reactions in Solutions: Concentration Terms.

Electromagnetic Radiation and Planck’s Quantum Theory, Photoelectric Effect, Atomic Spectra: Spectrum of Hydrogen, Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom, Dual Nature of Matter and the Uncertainty Principle, Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom, Quantum Numbers, Filling of Orbitals: Aufbau / Pauli / Hund, Electronic Configuration: Extra Stability.

Kossel–Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding, Limitations of the Octet Rule, Ionic (Electrovalent) Bond, Bond Parameters, Dipole Moment, VSEPR Theory: Shapes of Simple Molecules, Hybridisation, Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), Hydrogen Bonding.

System / Surroundings and Types of System, State Functions: Extensive and Intensive Properties, Internal Energy and the First Law, Pressure–Volume Work, Heat Capacity and Calorimetry, Enthalpy Change of a Reaction, Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation, Gibbs Energy and Spontaneity, Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium Constant.

Expressing the Concentration of Solutions, Molarity and Molality, Vapour Pressure and Raoult’s Law, Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions, Azeotropes, Colligative Properties, Osmotic Pressure, Abnormal Molar Mass and van’t Hoff Factor.

Equilibrium: a Dynamic State, Equilibria in Physical Processes, Law of Chemical Equilibrium: Kc and Kp, Factors Affecting Equilibrium, Ionic Equilibrium: Electrolytes / Acids and Bases, Ionization of Water and the pH Scale, Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions, Buffer Solutions, Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts.

Oxidation and Reduction: Electronic Concept, Oxidation Number, Types of Redox Reactions, Balancing Redox Equations, Metallic and Electrolytic Conduction, Electrochemical Cells: Daniell Cell, Electrode Potentials and the SHE, Nernst Equation / Equilibrium Constant and ΔG, Batteries and Fuel Cells.

Rate of a Chemical Reaction, Rate Law / Rate Constant and Order, Molecularity and Mechanism, Integrated Rate Equations, Temperature Dependence: Arrhenius Equation, Collision Theory, Effect of a Catalyst.

Modern Periodic Law: Present Form of the Periodic Table, Atomic Radius, Ionic Radius, Ionization Enthalpy, Electron Gain Enthalpy, Electronegativity, Valence and Oxidation States, Anomalous Properties of Second-Period Elements, Periodic Trends and Chemical Reactivity.

p-Block: General Features, Group 13: Boron Family, Group 14: Carbon Family, Group 15: Nitrogen Family, Group 16: Oxygen Family (Chalcogens), Group 17: Halogens, Group 18: Noble Gases.

Trends in the First (3d) Series, Oxidation States and Electrode Potentials, Magnetism / Colour / Catalysis / Complexes / Alloys, Potassium Dichromate / K2Cr2O7, Potassium Permanganate / KMnO4, Inner Transition (f-Block) Elements.

Werner’s Theory, Key Terms and Ligands, IUPAC Nomenclature (Mononuclear Complexes), Isomerism in Coordination Compounds, Bonding: Valence Bond Theory, Crystal Field Theory (CFT), Importance of Coordination Compounds.

Methods of Purification, Chromatography, Qualitative Analysis: Detection of Elements, Quantitative Analysis (Basic Principles), Dumas / Kjeldahl and Carius Methods, Empirical and Molecular Formula.

Carbon: Tetravalence and Shapes, Structural Representations, Classification of Organic Compounds, Isomerism, Bond Fission and Reactive Intermediates, Nucleophiles and Electrophiles, Resonance and the Resonance (Mesomeric) Effect, Electromeric Effect and Hyperconjugation, Types of Organic Reactions.

Classification / Isomerism and Nomenclature, Alkanes: Preparation and Properties, Conformations of Ethane, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene, Directive Influence of Groups on Benzene.

Classification and Nomenclature, Nature of the C–X Bond, Preparation of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Physical Properties, Haloalkanes: Nucleophilic Substitution, Optical Isomerism: Stereochemistry, Elimination and Reaction with Metals, Haloarenes: Reactions, Polyhalogen Compounds: Uses and Effects.

Alcohols / Phenols / Ethers: Classes / Structure, Preparation of Alcohols and Phenols, Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols, Reactions of Alcohols; 1° / 2° / 3° Tests, Reactions of Phenols, Ethers, Reduction / Oxidation and Tests, Carboxylic Acids.

Amines: Structure / Classes and Names, Preparation of Amines, Basic Character of Amines, Reactions and Tests for 1° / 2° / 3° Amines, Electrophilic Substitution in Aniline, Diazonium Salts.

Carbohydrates: Classification, Glucose, Disaccharides: Constituent Monosaccharides, Proteins, Enzymes, Vitamins, Nucleic Acids, Hormones (General Introduction).

Detection of Extra Elements (Lassaigne’s Test), Tests for Functional Groups, Chemistry of Preparations, Titrimetric Analysis, Qualitative Salt Analysis: Anions, Qualitative Salt Analysis: Cations, Chemical Principles of the Experiments.

What is Living?, Diversity and Nomenclature, Rules of Binomial Nomenclature, Classification / Taxonomy and Systematics, Taxonomic Categories (Hierarchy), Biodiversity, Metabolism.

Systems of Classification, Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia, Viruses / Viroids / Prions / Lichens.

Systems of Plant Classification, Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Bryophytes vs Pteridophytes vs Gymnosperms.

Basis of Classification, Phyla Compared, Non-chordate Phyla, Porifera (sponges), Coelenterata (Cnidaria), Arthropoda, Mollusca, Phylum Chordata.

The Root, The Stem, The Leaf, Inflorescence, The Flower, Fruit and Seed, Floral Formula and Families.

Plant Tissues, Simple Permanent Tissues, Complex Tissues: Xylem and Phloem, Xylem: water and minerals Phloem: food, The Tissue Systems, Anatomy of Root, Anatomy of Stem, Anatomy of Leaf.

Animal Tissues, Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Neural Tissue, Frog: Digestive System, Frog: Respiration / Circulation / Excretion, Frog: Control / Coordination and Senses, Frog: Reproduction.

What is a Cell?: Cell Theory, Prokaryotic Cells, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Endomembrane System, Mitochondria: power houses, Chloroplasts, Ribosomes / Cytoskeleton / Cilia and Centrioles, Nucleus.

How to Analyse Chemical Composition, Amino Acids, Lipids and Nucleotides, Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Proteins, Enzymes, How Enzymes Speed Up Reactions, Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity, Classification of Enzymes.

Cell Cycle, Interphase, M Phase: Mitosis, Prophase / Metaphase / Anaphase and Telophase, Cytokinesis, Meiosis, Significance of Mitosis.

What is Photosynthesis?, Early Experiments, Where does Photosynthesis Take Place?, Pigments Involved, Light Reaction, Chemiosmotic Hypothesis, Where are ATP and NADPH Used?, Photorespiration, Factors Affecting Photosynthesis.

Respiration: Basics, Glycolysis, Fermentation, Aerobic Respiration, Electron Transport System and Oxidative Phosphorylation, The Respiratory Balance Sheet, Amphibolic Pathway, Respiratory Quotient (RQ).

Seed Germination, Growth, Phases of Growth, Growth Rates, Conditions for Growth, Differentiation / Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation, Development, Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs), Physiological Effects of PGRs.

Respiratory Organs in Animals, Human Respiratory System, Mechanism of Breathing, Respiratory Volumes and Capacities, Exchange of Gases, Transport of Oxygen, Transport of Carbon Dioxide, Regulation of Respiration, Disorders of the Respiratory System.

Blood, Blood Groups, Coagulation of Blood, Circulatory Pathways, Human Heart, Cardiac Cycle, Double Circulation, Regulation of Cardiac Activity, Disorders of the Circulatory System.

Modes of Excretion, Human Excretory System, Nephron, Urine Formation, Function of the Tubules, Regulation of Kidney Function, Micturition, Role of Other Organs in Excretion, Disorders of the Excretory System.

Movement and Locomotion, Muscle, Structure of Skeletal Muscle, Structure of Contractile Proteins, Mechanism of Muscle Contraction, Skeletal System, Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System.

Coordination, Human Neural System, Neuron: Structural and Functional Unit, Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse, Transmission of Impulses: Synapse, Central Neural System: Brain.

Endocrine Glands and Hormones, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Hormones, Pineal / Thyroid / Parathyroid and Thymus, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, Gonads and Other Hormone-producing Organs, Mechanism of Hormone Action, Hypo- and Hyperactivity Disorders.

Stamen / Microsporangium and Pollen Grain, Pistil / Ovule and Embryo Sac, Pollination, Outbreeding Devices, Pollen–Pistil Interaction, Double Fertilisation, Post-fertilisation Events, Apomixis / Polyembryony and Parthenocarpy.

Male Reproductive System, Female Reproductive System, Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis, Gametogenesis: Oogenesis, Menstrual Cycle, Fertilisation and Implantation, Pregnancy and Embryonic Development, Parturition and Lactation.

Reproductive Health, Population Stabilisation and Birth Control, Contraceptive Methods, Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), Sexually Transmitted Infections, Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies.

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of One Gene, Beyond Simple Dominance, Inheritance of Two Genes, Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Polygenic Inheritance and Pleiotropy, Sex Determination, Mutation, Genetic Disorders.

Structure of DNA, Packaging of DNA Helix, The Search for Genetic Material, DNA Replication, Transcription, Genetic Code, Regulation of Gene Expression, Human Genome Project (HGP), DNA Fingerprinting.

Origin of Life, Evolution of Life Forms: A Theory, Evidences for Evolution, Natural Selection in Action, Adaptive Radiation, Biological Evolution, Hardy–Weinberg Principle, Origin and Evolution of Man.

Health and Disease, Common Diseases in Humans, Immunity, AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and Alcohol Abuse.

Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products, Fermented beverages, Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Microbes in Production of Biogas, Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, Microbes as Biofertilisers.

Principles of Biotechnology, Tools: Restriction Enzymes, Separation of DNA Fragments, Tools: Cloning Vectors, Tools: Competent Host, Amplification by PCR, Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the Host, Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product, Downstream Processing.

Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture, Pest Resistant Plants, Biotechnological Applications in Medicine, Gene Therapy, Molecular Diagnosis, Transgenic Animals, Ethical Issues.

Population Attributes, Population Growth, Growth Models, Population Interactions, Predation, Competition, Parasitism, Commensalism, Mutualism.

Ecosystem: Structure and Function, A Pond as an Ecosystem, Productivity, Decomposition, Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids.

Biodiversity, How Many Species?, Patterns of Biodiversity, Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem, Loss of Biodiversity, Why Conserve Biodiversity?, How Do We Conserve Biodiversity?.

Units of Measurement and Systems of Units, Least Count of an Instrument, Significant Figures, Errors in Measurement, Dimensions of Physical Quantities, Dimensional Analysis: Applications.

Frame of Reference and Motion, Acceleration, Position–Time and Velocity–Time Graphs, Free Fall and Vertical Motion, Scalars and Vectors, Unit Vectors and Resolution of a Vector, Motion in a Plane, Relative Velocity, Uniform Circular Motion.

Force and Inertia, Newton’s First Law of Motion, Momentum and Newton’s Second Law, Newton’s Third Law of Motion, Conservation of Linear Momentum, Equilibrium of Concurrent Forces, Block on an Inclined Plane, Free-Body Diagrams / Connected Bodies and Lift, Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion.

Work Done by a Constant Force, Work Done by a Variable Force, Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem, Potential Energy and Equilibrium, Conservative and Non-conservative Forces, Potential Energy of a Spring, Power, Motion in a Vertical Circle, Collisions in One and Two Dimensions.

Rigid Body and Basic Concepts of Rotation, COM of Standard Bodies, Motion of the Centre of Mass, Equations of Rotational Motion (constant α), Moment of a Force: Torque, Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration, Rigid Body Rotation: Dynamics / Work and Energy, Conservation of Angular Momentum, Linear vs Rotational Motion: Comparison.

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion, Universal Law of Gravitation, Acceleration due to Gravity (g), Variation of g with Altitude and Depth, Gravitational Field and Potential, Gravitational Potential Energy, Escape Speed, Motion of a Satellite: Orbital Speed and Period, Energy of an Orbiting Satellite.

Elastic Behaviour of Solids, Hooke’s Law and the Stress–Strain Curve, Effect of Gravity: Pressure due to a Fluid Column, Bernoulli’s Principle, Surface Energy and Surface Tension, Excess Pressure across a Curved Surface: Drops and Bubbles, Thermal Expansion, Heat Transfer: Conduction, Radiation.

Thermal Equilibrium / Zeroth Law and Temperature, Heat / Internal Energy and Work, First Law of Thermodynamics, Work Done by a Gas: P–V Diagram, Specific Heat Capacity of a Gas, Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes, Isochoric / Isobaric and Cyclic Processes, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Reversible and Irreversible Processes.

Equation of State of a Perfect Gas, Work Done on Compressing a Gas, Kinetic Theory of Gases: Assumptions, Concept of Pressure: Pressure of an Ideal Gas, Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature; RMS Speed, Law of Equipartition of Energy, Application to Specific Heat Capacities of Gases, Mean Free Path, Specific heats.

Periodic and Oscillatory Motion, Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), Oscillations of a Spring, Simple Pendulum: Time Period, Displacement Relation for a Progressive Wave, Speed of a Travelling Wave, Reflection of Waves, Standing Waves in Strings, Beats.

Electric Charges, Forces between Multiple Charges, Continuous Charge Distribution, Electric Flux, Applications of Gauss’s Law, Potential Calculations, Conductors and Insulators, Parallel Plate Capacitor, Energy Stored in a Capacitor.

Electric Current, Drift Velocity and Mobility, Ohm’s Law and Resistance, Electrical Energy and Power, Series and Parallel Combinations of Resistors, EMF and Internal Resistance, Kirchhoff’s Laws and their Applications, Wheatstone Bridge, Metre Bridge (Slide Wire Bridge).

Magnetic Field and Oersted’s Observation, Field due to a Straight Current-Carrying Wire, Long Straight Solenoid, Motion of a Charge in a Uniform Magnetic Field, Force between Two Parallel Currents: Definition of Ampere, Moving Coil Galvanometer (MCG), Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid; Field Lines, Magnetisation / Intensity / Susceptibility and Permeability, Effect of Temperature on Magnetic Properties.

Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s Experiments, Magnetic Flux, Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy, Motional EMF, Inductance, Alternating Current: Peak / RMS and Average Values, Series LCR Circuit: Impedance, Power in AC Circuits: Power Factor / Wattless Current, Transformer.

Displacement Current, Ampere–Maxwell law, EM Waves and their Characteristics, Energy and Momentum of EM Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum and Applications, Microwaves, Infrared, X-rays.

Reflection of Light; Plane Mirror, Refraction of Light at a Plane Surface, Refraction at a Spherical Surface, Refraction through a Prism, Compound Microscope, Astronomical Telescope: Refracting and Reflecting, This is Snell’s law. ν is unchanged;, Young’s Double-Slit Experiment (YDSE): Fringe Width, Polarisation: Plane-Polarised Light and Polaroids.

Dual Nature of Radiation, Electron Emission and Work Function, Photoelectric Effect: Hertz and Lenard’s Observations, Experimental Study: Results, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Particle Nature of Light, The Photon, Matter Waves: de Broglie Relation.

Alpha-particle Scattering Experiment, Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of the Atom, Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom, Energy Levels and the Hydrogen Spectrum, Composition and Size of the Nucleus, Mass–Energy Relation and Mass Defect, Binding Energy and its Variation with Mass Number, Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion.

Semiconductors: Energy Bands, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Semiconductor Diode: I–V Characteristics, Diode as a Rectifier, Zener Diode and Voltage Regulator, Logic Gates.

Least Count and Zero Error, Vernier Calliper, Screw Gauge, Young’s Modulus of a Wire (Searle’s), Surface Tension, Viscosity of a Liquid, Speed of Sound (Resonance Tube), Specific Heat.